Common Myths about Tarantula Spiders

Tarantulas, or Theraphosids have recentlymothers apparently told their children that the
become relatively familiar creatures in Europe andoutcroppings of white quartz at the top of the
the North America. However, despite ourmonolith were the bones of disobedient children
familiarity with these large relatively harmlesswho were more likely to be caught by the spider.
spiders, they are not really a sufficient apart ofAnother Navajo legend recounts how a Pueblo
our history for us to have included them in ourIndian girl who was living with the Navajo was so
myths.lonely she just wandered off into the desert. Here
Tarantism as it occurred in Europe during theshe saw a thin wisp of smoke arising from a hole
Middle ages had nothing to do with what we callin the ground, on looking inside she saw 'Spider
'Tarantulas' today. Nevertheless the wordWoman' spinning a blanket.
'Tarantula' stems from Europe and was given toIt goes on to tell how Spider Woman befriends
the Theraphosids of America, and other places bythe girl and teachers her how to spin cloth. With
Europeans because these spiders reminded themthis new and valuable skill she returns to the
of their own 'Tarantula' about which a strongvillage, where she teaches the other woman to
body of folklore and mythology exists.spin with the condition that they must leave a
This folklore arose in the 14th century around thesmall hole in each blanket to remind them that it
Lycosa Tarantula spider in the area of Taranto inwas Spider Woman that taught them how to spin.
Southern Italy. It started with peasants who wereNeedless to say she is now accepted by
working in the fields and who thought they hadeverybody and is much happier.
been bittern by a spider dancing a wild andAnother myth shared in various forms by several
frenzied dance to exhaust themselves in order toIndian peoples is that 'Old Mother Tarantula' saved
survive the bite. Later on this dancing evolved intothe first man and first woman from the wrath of
a cult and there is much controversy over theKukumat. The story goes that the first man and
social forces which were involved in its expressionfirst woman spent so much time bickering and
in the following centuries. Apart from this modernarguing that Kukumat sent a flood to get rid of
thought also casts doubt on the role of thethem because he was tired of listening to the
'Tarantula'.racket they were making.
Suggesting that most genuine cases were theAs the flood waters rose the first man and first
result of bites by the European Black Widowwoman were eventually saved by Old Mother
(Latrodectus Tredecimguttatus) which lives low inTarantula who spun a raft for them to escape
the vegetation rather than of bites by Lycosathe flood.
Tarantula, which like its Theraphosid cousins livesAnother legend explains how Spider Woman helps
in a hole in the ground and is quite shy.the 12 brothers, who were the children of the
However the local people of the various parts offirst man and first woman hunt down Coyote
the world, where Tarantulas occur naturally havewho, in not becoming a domestic dog has
made them a part of their mythology. One ofdisobeyed the hunters.
these groups of peoples are the Indians ofWhen they eventually catch and kill Coyote with
Southern USA and Mexico. These mythologiesSpider woman's help she takes the skin as a
may not all relate specifically to 'Tarantulas' as thetrophy, which she wears on her abdomen. From
terminology is often just translated as spider,this time on all Tarantulas have a patch of rough
however in many cases it is referring to a groundhairs on their abdomens.
dwelling Theraphosid, particularly Old MotherAnother group of Indians called the Zuni have a
Tarantula.legend which states that after Winter Thunder (a
A very old belief that is part of several differentbad guy) blew Rainbow boy to bits Spider
Indian cultures, is the Pima myth that the worldWoman sent her Spider Girls to rescue Rainbow
was created by Chiowotmahke the Earth Prophet.Boy who by spinning and weaving all his nerves
He took the form of a Spider and spun a hugeand blood vessels back together again were able
web across the void creating the Earth in theto bring him back to life.
process, he then changed form again to becomeAfter which Rainbow Boy was able to prevent
a butterfly.the other Thunder Beings, Black Whirlwind and
As the butterfly he flew down to the Earth andBlack Metal from destroying all the tribes.
created mankind. Cave paintings can be found inIn Mexico it was believed that the creation of the
California depicting this scene. Also in California,world was assisted by Tocotl a Spider God, who
Chumash Indian mythology states that the Sunspins a huge hammock to hold the world up. The
God Kaqunupenawa rests by day in a hole in theMayans believed that after death of the body the
ground created for him by 'Spider Woman' whilesoul was destined to wander through the many
his rays warm the Earth.dark passages of the underworld until they met a
The Navajo used to live in what is now known asgreat river which they could not cross on their
the Canyon de Chelly National Park, this containsown.
an amazing monolith of rock 800 feet high knownEach soul can only get to the other side of this
as 'Spider Rock'. This rock according to Navajoriver with the help of a spider person. The spider
legends was the home of 'Old Mother Tarantula'people spin a web rafts and then one spider
or 'Spider Woman'.person and one soul journey across the
Mixed up with this are stories of a spider whounderground river linked in a sort of spiritual bond
would climb down from the rock to catch childrenso that each is totally dependant on the other
and carry them back to the top to eat. Navajountil they reach safety on the other side.